Saturday, August 31, 2019

John Dewey And Education Education Essay

The thoughts of the great American philosopher, John Dewey, transformed the American instruction system. While all Dewey did was merely use some of his pragmatist philosophical ideals to the schoolroom, the consequences of his work changed instruction everlastingly. In the short essay, â€Å" My Pedagogic Creed, † Dewey gives his readers great insight into his thoughts sing what instruction is, how it should be done, and why it ‘s of import. Today, he is considered a â€Å" male parent of instruction † and his positions are being adapted in all kinds of ways in schoolrooms around the universe. Dewey foremost stood out by rejecting the traditional ideal of American instruction which was built around instructors standing up in the forepart of the schoolroom and pouring information into the heads of their pupils. Alternatively, Dewey suggested a new signifier of instruction that utilised applicable experience as the cardinal component of larning. Thesis sentences her e John Dewey embodies many of the matter-of-fact ideals that define American doctrine. He was born around the clip that Charles Darwin ‘s Origin of Species book came out, so the arguments environing that subject had a monumental influence on his doctrine. Along with many other American philosophers of Dewey ‘s clip, such as Charles Sanders Peirce, there was a desire to react to these new finds in evolutionary scientific discipline and happen out how they related to doctrine. Dewey believed that cognition was best discovered through the scientific method. As I will subsequently speak about, this is nowhere more prevailing than in Dewey ‘s theoretical account for instruction in which he defaults to hands-on experience and enquiry as the paramount key to larning. Traveling out into the existent universe and holding a unrecorded experience that could be tested and criticized by others in order to come on to something better was indispensable to Dewey ‘s position and a foundational belief of many American pragmatists. In the eyes of Dewey, instruction and life were one in the same. Dewey is quoted as stating, â€Å" instruction is a procedure of life and non a readying for future life † ( 8, My Pedagogic Creed ) . A proper instruction of the person was indispensable to the operation and growing of that person and the society they lived in, as school was foremost a â€Å" societal establishment. † School was to be centered on the community and the pupil was being developed in school so they could be an active member of the community. Dewey advocated that what a kid does in their place life should be incorporated into the course of study in the schoolroom. Besides for Dewey, the pupil had to be invested in their instruction for it to intend anything. The manner that he suggested this be accomplished was to allow the pupils learn about something they were interested in. An instruction could merely be valuable if the pupil was larning stuff that they could really use to their existent mu ndane life as evidenced by Dewey ‘s quotation mark, â€Å" True instruction comes through the stimulation of the kid ‘s powers by the demands of the societal state of affairss in which he finds himself † ( 2, My Pedagogic Creed ) . Dewey believed that instruction was a procedure of find where pupils would analyze what they were interested in at their ain gait as they were bit by bit going more cognizant of where their involvements laid. Dewey ‘s instruction system is possibly most good known for how it stresses the importance of â€Å" custodies on † experience in the acquisition procedure. Dewey believed that people learned best by traveling out and interactively â€Å" making. † Out were the yearss where instructors would talk on facts and information, coercing their thoughts onto the pupils. Dewey criticized instructors and the current instruction system for protecting pupils excessively closely and non allowing them travel out into the existent universe so they could bloom stating, â€Å" the state of affairs approaches larning to swim without traveling excessively near the H2O † ( The Relation of Theory to Practice, Dewey ) . For Dewey, a instructor ‘s occupation was more about being a facilitator to the pupils, assisting them discover what they were interested in and so making ways for them to actively ‘do ‘ these things. Ultimately for Dewey, larning grounded in ex perience combined with capable affair that was interesting and applicable to the pupil would take to a greater society. I think that both good and bad semen from John Dewey ‘s thoughts for instruction. First off, I like Dewey ‘s motion off from learning manners that stressed merely memorisation and the regurgitation of facts. Hands-on experience is a proved manner for pupils to larn. It is much more gratifying for the pupil and seems to be straight applicable to their hereafter. I besides agree with Dewey ‘s position that pupils should larn about something that involvements them. Stuffing facts that childs do non hold any desire to larn down their pharynxs is non good to anyone. When pupils can really link with the stuff they are larning, they are more likely to set in the clip and attempt that is necessary to to the full develop their cognition and apprehension of a topic. Lastly, I believe that it ‘s a good thought to concentrate your surveies in one peculiar country as it is really hard to get the hang a battalion of topics. I think it ‘s better to be highly adept in o ne topic than to hold an mean sum of cognition in multiple topics. This manner, everyone can pick an country of survey that involvements them and so, as a community, each individual can convey their one alone country of expertness to the tabular array and the remainder of the people that are n't as fluent in that topic can profit. With that being said, I think the preceding rules need to be applied in moderateness. While memorisation and repeat is non a perfect signifier of instruction, the consequences are difficult to reason with. I believe that there is something to be said for get the hanging a topic. For illustration, my major country of survey is accounting. It is one thing for me to acquire custodies on experience straight applicable to my major, but larning can non merely come through â€Å" playing † so to talk. I must first analyze all the foundational information that is out at that place. There are many people in the universe that are much more knowing on the topic than me and there are a batch of valuable things I can larn from them. Second, to be a successful comptroller, there are other nucleus topics that I must be competent in. For case, I need to be knowing in English to be able to pass on with my coworkers and I need to cognize math so I am able to calculate the expression required in accounting. There is a proved value in holding a rounded instruction. Learning about topics that may non straight use to your country of survey can profit you in many different ways. As an illustration, possibly it could sharpen your critical thought accomplishments. And on top of that, a pupil might believe they are non interested in a certain topic until they really take a category and larn about it. Hard work and long hours spent in the library-sometimes memorizing rules and formulas-is necessary for me to be a maestro of accounting, although I may non bask that work. To me, Dewey ‘s instruction system seems to promote jumping the chief class and traveling consecutive to dessert. I believe that I foremost need to get the hang the rules of accounting in order to merit a shooting of traveling out into the existent universe and really â€Å" making † accounting. Dewey stayed true to his matter-of-fact ideals by proving out his ain instruction theories in a real-life environment. He created what became to be known as his really ain â€Å" laboratory school. † Dewey ‘s school was radically different than any other of its clip. The pupils did non sit at desks and listen to a teacher talk or make homework jobs out of a text edition. Alternatively they would be traveling about the schoolroom making changing physical activities, such as run uping or cooking. As I stated earlier, Dewey believed that pupils could larn the critical accomplishments ( math and scientific discipline for illustration ) that they needed by making these types of activities alternatively of the more traditional â€Å" analyzing the text edition † method. The kids were broken down by age and every different age group was ever making something different. Dewey had the childs traveling on field trips, edifice theoretical accounts, moving out dramas, and pla ying games among many other â€Å" active † things. He preached that instructors should keep off on holding childs do things like reading and composing until the pupil found it necessary and appealing to make so ( Dewey Article, Enotes ) . Dewey ‘s school had its successes and failures and there is a batch that can be taken away his expansive â€Å" experiment. † While I do acknowledge that a batch of great instruction patterns were foremost developed at Dewey ‘s laboratory school, I can non assist but detect the cardinal defects that existed in it. If I was to use what Dewey showcased in his school to today ‘s universe of instruction, I think his system would neglect. The ground for this is first that Dewey seemed to be looking at instruction through â€Å" rose coloured spectacless † so to talk. In my sentiment, a theory on instruction should be able to use to any state of affairs. I think about what Dewey had put together in his school, where the place life was to a great extent incorporated into the category course of study. But, what about kids that come from broken places, as we see so frequently in today ‘s society? If a kid is being abused or enduring under the ticker of alcoholic parents, who could care less about their kid ‘s instruction, how would that suit into Dewey ‘s system? Dewey ‘s s chool would likely work good in a instance where a kid has really supportive parents that are highly interested in their kid ‘s instruction, but how frequently is that non the instance in today ‘s universe? Henry Perkinson, an writer and pedagogue at New York University, makes a remark about Dewey ‘s lab school stating, â€Å" Dewey ‘s educational doctrine depicts a school or school endeavor that ne'er existed and likely ne'er could be. To transport it out would necessitate superteachers and superstudents † ( Perkinson, ) . While I believe Dewey is taking instruction in the right way, I think he foremost needs to happen a manner to develop a theory on instruction that can use to each and every pupil. Another country that I merely ca n't hold with Dewey in is how he resorts to see as the primary manner for a pupil to larn. Without a uncertainty, I believe that his method of enquiry can add a batch to a pupil ‘s instruction. In his school, the childs were making so many astonishing things that I wish I could hold done in my old ages as a immature male child. But, looking at the large image, there seems to be so many things that a kid must larn over their life-time that they can non perchance detect and â€Å" make † everything. Yes, you can larn math when mensurating out the flour required to bake a bar, but can that signifier of math be applied to everything? There are other things out in the universe like mensurating liquids or numbering coins. How would one kid have the clip and the agencies to see every individual thing? I think that at some point, pupils will necessitate to utilize some signifier of memorisation of information or facts as a footing of cognition th at they can so utilize to larn about other things. A quotation mark from a parent that had a kid in Dewey ‘s school truly sums up this job stating, â€Å" We have to learn him how to analyze. He learned to ‘observe ‘ last twelvemonth † ( Storr, ) . I think that Dewey had the right thought, but he had everything backwards. First, the pupil should larn a foundation of cognition, from something like a text edition, and so they can travel out and experiment and use that cognition to existent mundane state of affairss. John Dewey was a great philosopher that made ground-breaking progresss in instruction. He was a adult male that practiced what he preached and for that I have great regard. I do like Dewey ‘s thoughts in doses. In the terminal, I think that a good balance of his â€Å" experiential acquisition † in combination with a disciplined survey of information and text edition is the best signifier of instruction. While his thoughts did hold their defects, the way that he took American instruction was for the better.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Mabo Study Guide

Contents claim’s success. It also examines broader concepts such as colonisation, land rights and native title— in Australia and internationally—and looks at what happened in the past and what is happening now. Combining CD-ROMs with a website and online data- base, the project brings together a documentary video with hundreds of specially created audio-visual sequences and a wealth of text and images from primary and secondary sources. These teachers notes will help you explore the poten- tial of the materials.They provide summaries, set the resources within an educational framework, explain some uses of the key tools and features, and suggest classroom activities. The materials cross disciplines and can be used at different year levels. The variety of media makes it easier for different students to access the content. It’s assumed that you’ll pick and choose from the vast amount of material available, adapting for a year level, the needs of a part icular group of students and your school in your part of Australia.Levels and audience Senior secondary, undergraduate and research at adult levels Key learning areas Aboriginal Studies, Australian Studies, English, Indigenous Studies, Studies of Society and Environment, History, Legal Studies, Politics, Information Technology, and multimedia across the curriculum Introduction Background information 2 Features and uses 4 Designing a unit of work 5 Selecting a starting point 6 Activity suggestions 6 Introduction Mabo is the name that’s identified with a legal revolution in Australia. But Mabo was not just a court case: Eddie Mabo was a man—an obstinate, difficult and passionate human being, who was consumed with preserving the culture of a tiny island. ’ Trevor Graham, co-author/director of Mabo—The Native Title Revolution In 1992, the High Court of Australia put an end to the legal fiction that Australia was empty before it was occupied by Europeans.It up held the claim of Eddie ‘Koiki’ Mabo and his fellow plaintiffs that Murray Islanders were the traditional owners of land on the island of Mer in the Torres Strait. Mabo—The Native Title Revolution delves into the Mabo legal case and the important issues it raises for Australians and indigenous peoples everywhere. This multimedia resource gives an overview of the case and provides an insight into Torres Strait Islander culture and Eddie Mabo himself—both were crucial to the TEACHERS NOTES 1 FILM AUSTRALIA †¢ PAGE 1

Thursday, August 29, 2019

History and Development of St. Peter Lifeplan Essay

Francisco à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Tatayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Bautista had learned to deal with lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s hardship at an early age. He lived in a small farmland and worked as a carpenter and farmer in San Mateo and dreamt of a better future after a dayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work sitting on top of a carabao. He grew up into a man fiercely determined to succeed. His triumphs over the impediment that he encountered and his immeasurable trust in God were his source of strength and guidance as he worked his way up making his dream a reality. B. Planning Stage Being the known carpenter in their place, the family members of the person who passed away asked him to make casket because during that time, only those who belong to well-known and wealthy families could afford to buy caskets from the casket manufacturing companies. Mr. Bautista saw the discrimination between those who belong to the poor and wealthy families with regards to the quality of funeral services they get when they die. So when he got a small capital to start with, he and his beloved wife Basilisa à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Nanayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Roque-Bautista founded St. Peter Life Plan, Inc. in Pampanga to cater to the needs of the the poor at the price they can afford. Upon the establishment of their business, they have the following information: VISION The St. Peter Group of Companies are Death Care Experts, the choice of every Filipino in the delivery of world-class Death Care services à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a progressive partner in nation building. MISSION As Death Care Experts and responsible citizens, we commit to improve the quality of life of St. Peterians, their stakeholders and the Filipino people. VALUES The key to the long-term success of St. Peter is how well every member of the organization embraces their Corporate Values. * God-centered à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" As St. Peterians, they are prayerful, sincere, moral and committed in promoting the Word of God, enjoying, loving and consistently modelling a true St. Peterian way of life. * Excellence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Equipped with a winning attitude and resolved to be the best, they commit to achieve peak performance and to stretch their limits through personal and professional development in order for them to offer all they do for the glory of God. * Teamwork – St. Peterians are supportive, assertive, reliable and open to diversity. They build enthusiasm and draw their energies from each other. Their sense of family unites them to become Death Care experts. * Integrity – They are committed to be honest, transparent, credible and to do what is right before God and the country. They are what they value. * Customer Service â₠¬â€œ They serve each other. They believe that everyone is a customer. It is their commitment to the plan holders, internal and external partners to be reliable-prioritizing their needs and to innovate their services. * Employee Satisfaction – Engaging their employees, associates, colleagues and partners to bring out the best in them. They are committed to care for their employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s welfare, growth and development for that brings about a solid sense of proprietorship and pride in what they do. * Professionalism – As St. Peterians, they are objective, disciplined, ethical, respectful, fair and just in all their dealings. They present themselves well in their appearance and words. II. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT The incessant efforts and fortitude of Francisco Bautista bore fruit when he established another company which later on provide world-class Death Care Service- the St. Peter Memorial Chapels, Inc. The main location of the said business is located at No. 296 Quezon Avenue, Roxas District, Quezon City. St. Peter Life Plan, Inc. continued to grow until it became known nationwide. They established high-class buildings with complete facilities on different regions and provinces of the country in order to give the satisfaction-maximizing services to their customers. They hired more employees with higher salaries than before to manage their businesses and branches. With over 40 years of experience in Death Care on 2005, St. Peter Life Plan, Inc. had branches and mortuary tie-ups, or affiliations with funeral service companies in every major city and key areas all over the Philippines. It led the industry by ranking first in gross sales in the life plan category of the pre-need industry selling over 25,000 plans in 2003. On April 27, 2010, the St. Peter Mega Chapel in Cebu City was launched. It is the newest and one of the largest funeral complex in Visayas. It is strategically located at the New Imus Street near Ayala Cebu Centre. This Mega Chapel is a spacious and fabulous building with an ambiance which is close to a 5-star Hotel and features amazing architectural designs and a relaxing atmosphere. It features spacious and elegant viewing rooms, a caske showroom and a state-of-the-art crematorium that uses hi-tech and eco-friendly cremation machines. A room which can hold more than 350 visitors, St. Peter Mega Chapel can be an alternative reception venue for any occasion. With its excellent facilities and genuine customer service, ST. Peter Chapels is truly world-class. Since its inception in 2006, a total of two hundred ninety four St. Peterian Embalmers have passed the Embalmerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Licensure Examination through the Embalmerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Licensure Program of St. Peter Chapels. It aims to professionalize the embalming profession not only in every St. Peter Chapels but also in the Philippine DeathCare Service industry. III. THE PRESENT SITUATION St. Peter now operates three (3) elite memorial chapels in the heart of commercial district of Quezon City, Cebu City and Davao City which have been providing professional and traditional services to the public for over 42 years. Currently, there are more than 200 St. Peter Chapels ready to serve the public with superior quality memorial services nationwide. St. Peter Life Plan Inc. has also St. Peter Cremation Plan now with the office located at Quezon City. St. Peter Chapel is one of the seven distinguished winners of the 2012 Asian Funeral Expo (AFE) Awards, the premier award for the funeral industry across the Asia-Pacific region. Saint Peter Life Plan, Inc. continues to excel in its role in society as being The DeathCare Experts, by maintaining its leadership in the DeathCare industry and in product development in the market such as Customized At-Need and Pre-Need Packages, Death Event Management and similar Pre-Need Plans. On top of its superb DeathCare services, St. Peter Chapels is also known for its innovative value-added services collectively referred to as the St. Peter eServices, specially: 1. eBurol (online viewing), 2. eLibing (online interment)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ 3. Timeless Tribute (life-story audio-visual presentation) and, 4. St. Peterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Gate (memorial networking site). The St. Peter Group of Companies always strive to provide reliable and outstanding DeathCare services not just for the Filipino but also for any nationality who will be needing immediate services anytime and anywhere in the Philippines. The St. Peter Group of Companies continues to support its employees by providing them opportunity for their professional growth and development. The Management Development Program (MDP), dubbed as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Unlad Talentoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , is designed to help St. Peter employees to better understand the business environment and further sharpen their knowledge, skills and attitude towards different areas of management. MDP is a ten-month long program of courses in the Masters of Business Administration curriculum and is facilitated by Mr. Albert Buenviaje, Dean of the Ateneo Graduate School of Business and also the St. Peter MDP Program Director. This year, fifty participants from various St. Peter Chapels and offices nationwide were carefully selected to undergo this learning opportunity. As part of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value for employee satisfaction, a new healthcare program was launched to respond to the needs of SPLPI employees to face family illnesses safely and with confidence. All employees will continue to receive exactly the same health benefits with the bonus of access to safe and affordable healthcare benefits for their qualified dependents. The company takes care of hospital bills. St. Peter Life Plan, Inc. is taking another step forward to help eliminate the effects of El NiÃÆ' ±o and greenhouse gases. St. Peter, with the support of Green Earth Foundation, Inc. (GELFI) launches à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Soul Treesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ a carbon off-setting program which aims to plant new trees and save our environment. This program represents their care for Mother Nature with strong commitment to protect it. It aims to further provide public awareness on the importance of a holistic approach to agro forestry and community development through actively engaging in re-forestration most especially to areas most impacted by deforestation. St. Peter employees and officers take part in planting a total of 70,000 trees in Luzon as the Soul Trees Project begins. Another St. Peter initiative to reduce carbon dioxide emission is the conversion of their Suburban hearses from Petrol to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) operated engines. ST. Peterians also actively advocate Earth Hour à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a global event organized by World Wide Fund. It encourages households and businesses to turn off their non-essential lights and other electrical appliances for one hour to raise awareness towards the need to take action on climate change. IV. FUTURE PLANS The company dreams to continue their success and prosperity for decades to come. At this point in time, St. Peter Life Plan, Inc. plans to expand the business by adding more branches all over the Philippines to extend and further improve their services to every Filipino home. V. FINDINGS Basically, St. Peter Life Plan Inc. now has four kinds of business: The Life Insurance Plan; the Casket Manufacturing Business which is located in Pampanga; the St. Peter Chapels that provides funeral services; and the Crematory business. Based on the previous information, St. Peter Life Plan, Inc. began as a small business operated by a carpenter-farmer named Francisco Bautista. From a small business, it evolved into a larger business and became a company. It became known from the different places in the Philippines and became more successful and progressive.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Molecular basis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase II activity Coursework

Molecular basis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase II activity - Coursework Example The RdRP activity has also been implicated in the replication of the RNA Genomes of HDV virus and plant viriods. 3) What is meant by HDV? Why would investigators want to study HDV? In your answer, tell me about HDV and why investigators would want to study HDV. What is the ANTIGENOME? Why is it important in the experimental design? HDV is Hepatitis Delta Virus. The investigators have taken HDV for the study as RdRP activity of Pol II has been established to be involved in the replication of the viral genome. Antigenome is the complementary positive RNA which serves as the template for the synthesis of the negative strand of the virus. To understand the physiological significance of the RdRP activity, the terminal segment of the HDV antigenome, which directs RNA synthesis and is sensitive to the Pol II inhibitor alpha- amanitin, was studied. 4) What is meant by â€Å"FAM-labeled RNA products were separated by denaturing gel electrophoresis†? DO NOT give me cookbook recipes, i.e. do not provide a ‘step-by-step how to’ that could be used to perform an experiment. Describe the method in general terms. FAM is 6 carboxy- flourescein label. Nucleotides labeled with such flourophores, have shown improved sensitivity, versatility and normalization when separated by denaturing gel electrophoresis. After purification of the nucleotides the fluorescein tag was attached by incubation with the 5’ terminal of the nucleotides. 5) DATA INTERPRETATION: Evaluate Figure 1. Break the analysis down. Strive to understand what each lane of the gel represents. Make note of the controls as well. Your focus for your response is the part of the figure labeled b, c, and d. Use part a in assisting you. Summarize what each part (b, c, and d) of the figure suggests. The RNA synthesized by the RdRP activity of Pol II is fluorescent labeled and separated by gel electrophoresis and viewed. Lane 1 in the gel shows only the reactant RNA.

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Something relating to the history of the Holocaust Research Paper

Something relating to the history of the Holocaust - Research Paper Example The contrary will be shown. It will be shown that they had a class system. They had classified the types of citizens as early as 1936. The infrastructure had been created and the fascilities were built before the Germans even entered Dutch soil enabling the Germans to come in and murder over 100 000 people in less than 3 years. Three stages will be examined is this essay. From 1936-1939, when the national decree dictated who was a dutch citizen and the creation of refugee centers. From 1939 to 1940, when Westerbrok was voted into Parliament as a center for the "legal refugees". To conclude with the capitulation of the Netherlands government within 5 days in 1940 and the consequences it had on the Shoah. Please note that in the sources there is much conflicting information due to the age of the survivors and the difference in translations and countries methods of notations.. 1936-139 The Jewish population of Amsterdam represented approximately 10% of the population. The attitude was r ather avant garde, agnostic, assimilated and had benefited greatly from the WWI attitude of being a neutral state.(Hillesum 1999) There was a sense of safty of being Dutch before being Jewish. The general consensus was accepting the census as a natural govermental process. Upon registering in 1936, Jews were told that as citizens they would be protected. (Vanderwerff 2010)The atmosphere as explained by Etty Hillesum, in her Letters of Westerbork, was that she had no desire for organised religion. Life was absurd. God was helpless (12/07/1942) She was born into an agnostic family. Before 1941, she was lost in the different intellectual circles of Amsterdam. She had failed her exam to get into law school. She studied Slavic studies and then went on to tutor. This is an insight into the Jewish population of Amsterdam. The intellectual assimilation would eventually be the demise of the Jews of Amsterdam. The felt themeselves more protected and superior over the German Jews who were ofte n poorer and less educated then the Dutch Jews. They had jobs and lived in proper housing. They were not touched by the refugee housing or economic situation. As in other European nations, they considered themselves citizens of the nation of their birth. In 1936, by Royal Decree it was voted that a national census would require new identity cards in order to define who were Dutch citizens. Religion was required on the last line of the card. (Vanderwerff 2010) In 1939, Refugees were forced to register. Legal Refugee Jews (Stateless) were defined by having been born in a country that no longer existed because of World War I and having been born in Poland. Illegal Refugee Jews were those who came into the Netherlands without any visas. Illegal refugees were sent back to Germany. (Vanderwerff 2010) In World War I, The Netherlands had remained a neutral State. It was common knowledge that the Netherlands was a state that had had an open door policy. Because of the depression, lack of job s and overall anti-semitism, German Jews and Stateless Jews were considered secondary citizen to Dutch citizens. The geo-political economic situation of Europe has changed the map. Dutch citizens were given precedents over refugees in employment and housing. What had been refugee homes all over the country since 1936 had become internment camps in

Hobbes and Locke - Philosophy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hobbes and Locke - Philosophy Paper - Essay Example The "nature of state" is that this desire can only be kept under control by the supreme power of the sovereign. In Chapter X Hobbes describes that "the nature of state" cannot be applied to all situation of human behavior. Although Hobbes thought "the nature of state" could be limited in time or scope, when people authorize a sovereign to order, they make him their unlimited representative. Whatever the sovereign does is authorized and binds them; consequently every effective government represents. Thomas Hobbes described life in a state of nature as "solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short." (Hobbes), but certainty could be created artificially, if men agreed not to exercise their rights in the cases where it was uncontentiously obvious that they were already under attack, and to hand over the power of defending themselves to a sovereign, who would make the appropriate judgment about difficult cases. Hobbes sees people naturally impelled into the war of all against all. Each will be an enemy to all the rest, not because people are 'sinful' by nature - Hobbes insists that people are not - but because people are both timid and competitive. Fear impels people to strike down their competitors before they can strike humans. (2) Hobbes sees the emergence of "civil society" as a dramatic improvement, because it brings law and authority to people. "Civil society" is contrasted with paternal authority and the state of nature. These changes afforded comfort and decency to civilized and intelligent persons, and a law-abiding political order comprised a satisfactory and progressive state of human affairs. Government was necessary because people were often too short-sighted to realize that their interests were best served by adhering to the rules of justice. It arose less by deliberate decision than through people coming to see that it was to their advantage to support any authority that enforced the rules effectively. The limitation of "civil society" is inability to keep humans genuinely moral. Under morals Hobbes, meant: "mankind that concern their living together in peace and unity" (Hobbes, Chapter XI). It shows the people necessity for strong power, and the lengths at which a person will go to save his life. (3) In the "Letter Concerning Toleration", Lock's principle argument is the claim that religious belief, because it requires consistencies assent, cannot be subjected to effective external coercion; also, the contention that the proper function of the state was to maintain public order and security and that therefore religious toleration was justified only when necessary to achieve that end. Lock created a concept of a "church-society" explaining that all people are born free, but, on the other hand, they starts to share religious believes and values. The move from the state of nature to political society is seen as a response to problems of covetousness, conflict, and ethical uncertainty caused by the development of money and the growth of inequality. Though Locke presents a gradualist account of the actual development of political institutions, the process is described abstractly in terms of state-church relations.

Monday, August 26, 2019

Ethnography of a Group or Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethnography of a Group or Community - Essay Example The instructor pinpoints his disappointments of the way the international students in the class are performing compared to the Americans despite of issuance of similar lectures and notes. The issue of the level of English among the foreign students comes up with the instructor indicating that some of the members require attending English classes and threatens not to mark the poorly written papers that are submitted. The instructor furthermore called on an African student called Antony, Asking whether the English he had written to answer the assessment questions is the one that Kenyans use. He claims that where he instructs students is in the United States and not in Kenya; hence, all students that come from similar places where English is a second language required to improve accordingly. American students joined the lecture explaining how the international students do not know to speak to them in a pure English and categorically the Americans in the class indicates that the do not p refer interaction with the international students.† There has been an increased interconnection of different areas of studies globally in different education sectors (Bevis and Lucas). Subsequently, many international students have enrolled in American universities following the demand of higher and high quality higher education. Researchers have indicated that more than 10 billion international students are enrolled in the American universities. However, the diversified cultural backgrounds of the international students’ lead strains in adjusting to the new environment. The environment becomes unfavorable due to factors such as the international students language constrictions, social behaviors, and cultural differences. The environment that the International students face once in a foreign country has a totally different cultural background owing to the fact that most of the students come from different geographic regions and backgrounds. Consequently, most of the int ernational students in the United States universities are prone to unique challenging situations such as probable prejudice and discrimination, language barriers and various aspects evolving from the different cultural backgrounds. The level of English proficiency for the international students is a main aspect related to how well the student will cope with the new environment. English proficiency has a great impact on the level of stress that the students face while trying to adjust to the new environment. The international students who show an improved level of English proficiency easily adapt to the new environment with ease compared to those with low English adeptness. In addition, English proficiency clearly manifests in the students’ studies results accordingly. Recently, this factor on language has had increased attention globally; leave alone in the United States, to help the international students improve levels of English fluency to avoid the depressive feelings ass ociated with limited communication with other students and instructors in the universities because of low levels of proficiency. Consequently, this raises the issue of whether the international students should attend English lectures as an additional program. Most students, in particular the international students, have a sense of feeling intimidated or perceives themselves as outcasts on advise to take English classes. These indicate that the aspect of language

Sunday, August 25, 2019

The Legend of John Henry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Legend of John Henry - Essay Example Recent interpretations include Disney’s short film John Henry and Julius Lester’s children’s book John Henry. Disney’s film pictures John Henry as a historical civil rights hero, a symbol of African American empowerment, while Lester’s book illustrates Henry as a Christ-like figure, attaching a more mystical connotation of the hero. The different interpretations of John Henry as a mythical hero in black folklore reveal how he has become the embodiment of black freedom, dreams, and strength. As these adaptations show, his name holds a symbolic power that allows audiences to appropriate his heroics according to their wish. This tale is presented differently in most of children literature versions. Walt Disney’s ‘John Henry’ film and Lester’s ‘John Henry’ book are examined., with a goal of determining if it is necessary for people to deviate from the original story when talking about this myth. In 2000, Walt Disn ey Studios created a film adaptation of the John Henry myth in which they transformed him into a selfless hero. This film was intended to introduce children to the â€Å"the doers and dreamers that made America great,† a knowledge Disney claims â€Å"no childhood should be without† (Website). A common feature of Disney adaptations of various fairytales, legends, and myths is the didactic messages that have been incorporated into them. In The Legend of John Henry, John uses his strength to benefit the people rather than have it displayed merely to demonstrate his own power. In this way, Disney tries to educate children on qualities they should develop within themselves. Placing John Henry before them as a role model, Walt Disney Studios attaches to him Western values, those that adults wish to instill in children of America. At the same time, the film can also be seen as Disney’s attempt to create a hero that children of African American descent can identify with and be proud of. John Henry is the first animated African American protagonist created by Disney (Web). The theme of the film is evident from the opening; it begins with the narrator, an African American woman, saying, â€Å"Let me tell you about my John Henry, who laid down his life for his dream† (film). The film goes on to portray Henry as an emancipated slave that swears never again to be in chains. At one point Henry tells his wife, â€Å"Polly, if they steal our dreams they put a chain around our souls, somebody’s got to stand tall, believe me† (film). The idea of Henry being a slave is not found in original variations of the legend, which focus more on his mythical upbringing and displays of strength. In this way Disney attempts to historicize Henry; as a slave contextualized within a specific time period he appears more real. This realism helps to verify the message of the story; the more believable the underdog legend appears the more powerful its mess age is to audiences. At the same time however, Disney also presents the idea that a hero’s reputation extends beyond the limits of his or her own reality. It is mentioned in the film that after John Henry joined the railroad gang, the rumors about his strength and achievements started growing. This referral separates the man from the myth while simultaneously maintaining the integrity and magic of the

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Cineplex Entertainment - The Loyalty Program Case Study

Cineplex Entertainment - The Loyalty Program - Case Study Example The essay aims to outline the recommendations of Sarah Lewthwaite, the market director for the Cineplex Entertainment, to the committee of senior executives. The presentation contains persuasive arguments regarding loyalty program development campaign, considering the movie industry, which is having inconsistent revenues each year. Cineplex entertainment was founded in 1979 as a small chain of movie theaters. In 2005 Cineplex acquired its largest supplier and become the Canada’s largest film exhibiter. The market share of Cineplex after that acquisition jumped up to 40 million visits of customer per day. Cineplex also started giving value added services to its customer like food at branded concession counters, arcade games, etc. In the same year they also expanded their strategies and entered into new markets which generated customer traffic and boosted their revenue per day. Although the revenue appreciated a lot in the year 2005 compared to the previous years but cost of operation got high as well which shrined the net income of the company. Cineplex Entertainment had issued Elite cards to the customer which offered them rewards like free movie viewing after they accumulate a certain number of points. Cineplex had no CRM capabilities which could help them in driving customer traffic. According to the survey in 2005, 95% respondents wanted to have movie reward offer back. Considering that option for further investment Sarah Lewthwaite gave option of starting a loyalty program to the committee. Cineplex needed a loyalty partner because creating their own data system it would have cost them about $5.5 million in the first year. So they looked went on to look for a partner. Flight Miles, having 72 percent of Canadian active members, had the top loyalty program in Canada. Flight Miles can give Cineplex an opportunity to get access to their data bank of seven million customers which would certainly help them in targeting their market. Flight Miles program would cost yearly about $5 million and $0.09 on every point issued to the customer. Flight Miles executives offered Cineplex $250,000 to make the deal more attractive. Scotiabank approached to Cineplex as a potential partner for the loyalty program. It is amongst the top five bank of Canada having 6.8 million customers and 950 branches in Canada. The Scotiabank proposed a 50-50 cost sharing and expected naming rights on three theatres. They offered a three card reward strategy as well. The estimated cost portion of Cineplex w as about $3 million in the first year and $1.7 million and $1.9 million in the later years. Sarah Lewthwaite has now three options to look for loyalty program and had to work on them to finally get the best option. She will have to see the benefits as well as the constraints of the three options. She also restructured the reward program. Sarah performed a sensitivity analysis in the concession revenue per guest which might increase by 5 to 15 per cent and also thought of having a nominal one time or annual membership fee of $2 to $5. Sarah Lewthwaite also knew the fact that only 40 per cent of the points earned by the customer in the loyalty program would be redeemed annually. Lewthwaite then drafted reward structure that contained a preliminary list of four options but she was not sure that which option will click in the customer mind. Loyalty program required a data base vendor who could manage the

Friday, August 23, 2019

Recruiting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recruiting - Essay Example These three criteria are pivotal in the selection process. Wal-Mart is the leading public corporation and one of the largest retailers worldwide. The pivotal vision of the company which made then a successful retail company in the world is solely due to striving for excellence, satisfying the needs of customers and effective selection process. The mission of the company is to provide quality product to the customers at lower price. Tesco is another one of the largest retail company in the world. The core business activities of the company are to provide effective service, quality products and enhanced value to its customers. A first criterion is job analysis. Job analysis is the process of determining the number of force required and task to be performed. This tool enables to identify the skill, abilities and knowledge require at every job of a company. Wal-Mart require skilled and talented workforce. Job description is part of job analysis. Wal-Mart provides job description to the employees before the start of a formal job. Line manager, s upervisor and other managers guides employees during the process of training. Physical function of a job can notified with the help of job analysis. This resembles the fact that it is quite problematic to eliminate the hazards and ergonomic injury due to unavailability of job analysis. The process of job analysis enables to conduction selection and recruitment of employees. It can also help to manage compensation and performance appraisal. Validation process is another criterion. The evidence which is acquired after work behavior and score on job analysis is evaluated. This process is implemented by organization like Wal-Mart and Tesco to evaluate the selection procedure. The process of validation can also be executed in the existing job description for updating. Third criterion is to establish measure for job

Thursday, August 22, 2019

The challenges of globalisation Essay Example for Free

The challenges of globalisation Essay Next offers an international delivery service to all there online customers this could be challenging for next to because if they give international customers an estimated delivery of their products they are completely relying on their curriers, and if the product does not arrive on the day that next said It would then next could get a bad reputation and bad reviews this will have a negative impact on the company and will discourage customers from buying online this means that next will see a decrease in sales. Availability Since Next went global there has been a huge increase in demand for next products this makes it hard for next to have all of their products available to everyone all the time, in fact it would be impossible so certain people will be forced to wait a long time for the product they want. However as long as next can make their products available to the majority of customers then they will not lose customers. Laws and regulations Laws and regulations would prevent Next from sending items such as lighters, sharp objects and electrical this could narrow the products that next have available for sale in other countries. Other laws that next may face are the import tax that they will have to pay on importing goods to and from countries. Language Language could be a barrier for some companies that want to globalise themselves, however for next a company which is such a big concern, their websites are available in every language that they sell in, this makes it easy for customers from abroad to purchase whatever they please from the next website. Customs Customs can be huge problems for companies. it could be problem for Next because when shipping long distance of the items could be delayed and this could impact the customers delivery date, this could give Next a bad reputation and have an impact on sales. Tax Tax will have a huge effect on next because every country has different tax rates the UK tax rate for value added tax is 20% and Spain’s 36.3% this means it is more expensive for consumers in spin to purchase next goods. Currency payments/security of payments Cultural sensitivity Next have customers all over the world, this could be a problem to Next because some of the items that they sell in UK stores may not be available in countries such as Dubai. Why is this? Certain laws and regulation will deter Next from selling goods that they know are much less likely to sell in certain geographic locations such as Dubai. In short Dubai’s culture frowns upon revealing clothes for example, women’s dresses with low necklines which would be perfectly acceptable in the UK, would be going against culture and even breaking laws in Dubai so it would make no sense for next to mass advertise this product however in the UK the dress could be a huge success and make next lots of money. In contrast there will be a minority of people that want the dress in foreign countries this can create a dilemma for next because the majority of shoppers worldwide would admit to switching shop if they cannot find the product they want or need. Keeping up with trends in other countries It is a challenge to keep up with trends in one country, however next has to keep up trends in over 70 countries, it is challenging because trends can change on a monthly or even weekly basis, so next cannot simply sell one range of clothing in every country because every country will have different demands so they must tailor their stock to there diffrerent target markets abroad.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Smartphone Market Essay Example for Free

Smartphone Market Essay With emerging mobile technologies and rapid growth in users of smartphones, there have been a lot of legal issues involved between the mobile phone producers. Standards are being set and patents are being registered by the producers to keep their market upright. These patents are registered mainly to monitor and implement the means to increase the number of consumers. This article will examine how these legal issues affect the end users and also about the legal issues which are being brought to the court. The article also discusses the implications of the current lack of specificity of the patents and suggests refinement of patents in terms of narrow versus broad inclusiveness. Analysis The smartphone market has taken a giant leap in the last decade with major markets emerging every day. The markets do have their own patent and copyright to keep their work intact from the other manufacturers. The legal issues binding to such patents are also complicated. These patents are directly connected to the profits and also market value. They are considered to be valuable and serve as the counter weight for the manufacturers in terms of the market place and to keep a competitive balance in the market. The author in the article tries to understand the legal battle between Apple and Samsung on various patents they use on their phone. Apple on one hand claims that Android market has been designed to copy iphones design and strategy whereas Samsung replies saying that familiar product design doesn’t mean imitation. This battles has started when Samsung launched the galaxy series. The legal battle mainly started with patent issues when Samsung went for Android market for their phones. The legal issues went public and familiar when Samsung was asked to pay $1.05 billion in damages as it acted wilfully in violating the patent rights. This also went to a stage where the Samsung’s key phones and tablets may be banned for sales and the world’s biggest technology provider has come to a stand- still with their four year low on market value after the verdict the US jury. Samsung has come to stage overturn the decision with the patent battles come to an end but it always seems like a fake promise to keep the competitive market balance in mind for the smart phones. While Samsung believes that the design and feature of Apple should not be allowed to claim patent whereas Apple strongly believes  that its design and features are its main market value and consider them as its intellectual property. More violations from Samsung’s end in patents have strengthened the case towards apple. These cases between Apple and Samsung have been spread to almost all the countries where they have their end consumers. Samsung being the main component supplier for Apple should have solved these issues amicably out of the court but failed to do so. The end customers are put in a question always whether to go for Samsung products or Apple products keeping in mind the legal issues these two companies have. The product support also went to a question mark because of the pending legal cases in the court. Most of the applications in both the phones are now in a question mark because of the pending patent rights. Both Apple and Samsung phone users are getting a software update in which many of the features goes for redesigning and certain legal issues goes missing. The functionality of the phone remain the same but the patent suits won goes for upgradation. Because of these copying acts of Samsung, Apple have won 1 billion for damages and that is not all it might have negative impacts on the phones already released. The android market which is having a market stake of 60 to 70 percent will lose some key functionality and also some specific features. This could also end up Samsung in redesigning and changing the features in the phones which they have already released in the market. The end customers are also in the queue up whether the battle for the smartphones will affect the functionality of the product they have bought in the market. With android markets being at stake it is hugely a question mark for Samsung to depend on such market which is highly competitive. Apple has shown the world that Samsung has copied the design and features of iphone. Apple in turn is trying the curb the android market which proves to be very competitive to the Iphone market. Apple tries to curb the manufacturers who are attached to Android market for which HTC legal cases and Samsung legal cases are a better example. Apple is tactically using its own method to slow down the android market by attacking the companies making android devices While the prospects of losing so many design and features to Apple it could just be a platform for android to try something new. This could be a push ahead move for android as they will try new things from now on and will not act as a shadow to ios. By introducing  Android 4.0 Google is trying to improvise and create a new unique operating system to support the android making companies. Since the android phones no more resemble a iphone in the market, it could be a boost to sell the new model phones in the market. The legal cases could have favoured Apple but the sales and the market value is favouring Samsung. The cases have favoured Apple but if the customer have to go away from old hat and needs a good change they have to go for a new smartphones which are using android operating system. The industry experts reckon that the android markets would boom after the complex decision from the jury come up as they conclude that the phones will have a new look and features which will attract the customers more than before. The market share of android making phones are also expected to rise with their new design and feature. The end customers are given a new glimpse of phones which is not a shadow or imitation of iphone with improved functionality and features. It gets better with wacky new designs for the customers and is proving to be a good idea for the manufacturers to try new things and new features on the phone. The law suits by apple in one form have helped the end customer to get new design and new features. This can be put in other words that there are now two different smart phones available which has different designs to excite the customer. References 1. Dan Levine Purnima gupta (2012) Reuters, 27 August [online] Available at http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/27/us-apple-samsung-legal-idUSBRE87Q02K20120827 (Accessed on 13 December 2012) 2. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/apple-iphone-violated-three-patents-damages-unclear-u-s-jury/articleshow/17604481.cms

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Economic Analysis Of The Us Airline Industry Economics Essay

Economic Analysis Of The Us Airline Industry Economics Essay An economic analysis on the nature of competition, collusion and pricing in the US domestic airline industry was conducted primarily on the nature of the oligopoly market structure of the airline industry. The impact of deregulation was performed and analysed including mergers and acquisitions. An analysis on the prospect for low-cost carriers (LCCs) was also conducted including measures to ensure their long term survival when competing with full fledged carriers. Finally, an impact analysis of the global recession on the airline industry was conducted. Measurements that could lead to a sustainable recovery for the airline industry was reviewed and highlighted. INTRODUCTION The airline has experienced phenomenal growth since the first US airline began operating between Tampa and St Petersburg, Florida on January 1st 1914. Today, supersonic aircraft fly routinely across the oceans, providing travel and employment to many travellers. The airline industry has global operations and the competition between them is extremely high. During the early days, strategic interest in aviation outpaced the financial viability of fledging airlines. Government support intensified worldwide as financial instability deepened due to the Great Depression of 1930s. During this period, military interest in aviation received further boost from rising geopolitical tensions. International service was governed by tightly controlled bilateral agreements, restricting the number of cities that could be served typically by a single carrier from each country. In many cases, these agreements negotiated market allocations across carriers that were enforced through capacity restrictions or revenue division agreements. Prices generally were established jointly by the airlines themselves in consultation with the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the industrys largest trade group, subject to approval by each carriers government. Nevertheless, government intervention failed to achieve satisfactory results in terms of overall economic performance. With deregulation in 1978, it has helped to stimulate more competition in the US airline industry with the influx of small, low-cost carriers. A recent National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) working paper analysed the changes that have occurred in pricing, service and competition in the airline industry since the industry was deregulated in 1978. The study found that fares have declined since deregulation and efficiency has improved, but the volatility in industry earnings has continued and average earnings have declined. The average returns that the airlines have earned since deregulation are almost certainly insufficient to sustain the industry in its current state. The profitability of the airline industry is quite cyclical because travellers demand is sensitive to the overall performance of the economy. Yet, airlines must predict this demand accurately because of the lead time required to acquire aircraft. When airlines over predict demand, they would suffer losses. The IATA has recently doubled its forecast for losses in 2009 to US$9 billion and warned that the economic problems would continue for some time. The forecast was slightly better than the loss last year. But it was significantly worse than the associations projections in March this year that estimated a loss of US$4.7billion for 2009. Coupled with competition from low-costs carriers (LCCs) could further undermine the profitability of full-service carriers (FSCs). However, some industry experts believe that both will survive in parallel without losing many customers to each other. It is argued that LCCs induced either an additional demand or won clients for the air traffic, which would have gone otherwise by train or car. There is however, a concern that LCCs have turned the luxury service of fast travel with its implicit environmental damages into a day to day service for more and more people. The airline industry is in the midst of a dramatic restructuring. Many reasons have contributed to its fall in revenue. Some key success factors determine the success of the airline industry. Analysts say that the airline industry is likely to remain unstable and price increases are inevitable due to increasing costs. Furthermore, the rising concern for global warming and IATAs recent decision to cut emissions by 50% by 2050 is also likely to have some implications for cost of flying and profitability of the airline industry. The report has reviewed the structure of the airline industry and the nature of its competitions with specified focused on the airline domestic market including emerging competition from LCCs and the impact of globalised recession on the airline industry. NATURE OF COMPETITION, COLLUSION AND PRICING The enactment of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 eliminated price and entry regulation of the US domestic airline industry. [1] Since then it has grown tremendously. The US domestic market basically competed in an oligopoly landscapes. Hence there is certain level of barriers to competition like control over the computerised reservation systems used by travel agents have provided main carriers with a powerful weapon for disadvantaging smaller competitors. For example, American Airlines Sabre system and Uniteds Apollo system together accounted for three quarters of all national computer reservation systems in the late 1980s. Control of this important avenue for travel agents to make reservations enabled the majors to discriminate against smaller firms in a variety of ways from instituting screen bias favouring the on-screen presentation of the controlling firms flights, to charging exorbitant fees to other carriers for displaying their flights on these computer systems (transferr ing upwards of a half-billion dollars annually from the smallest to the largest carriers). [2] More recently, the Big Five carriers have joined together to collectively market their tickets online through their Orbitz Travel Web site [6], an alliance that may enable them to better coordinate their non-competitive oligopoly pricing and to circumvent rules put into place to prevent them from anti-competitive using their computer reservation systems while, at the same time, disadvantaging competing distributors of air tickets. [3] Predatory Pricing Dominant carriers were suppressing competition through predatory pricing. For example, when Spirit Airlines attempted to penetrate Northwests Detroit hub with a one-way Detroit-Philadelphia fare of $49, Northwest Airline responded by slashing its average fare on the route by 71% (from $170 to $49) and scheduling 30% more seats. Once Spirit abandoned the route, Northwest raised its fare to $230 and cut its seat capacity.[4] Similarly, when Frontier Airlines initiated service from Denver (United-dominated hub) to Billings, Montana, it offered an average fare of $100 which was half the prevailing fare charged by United. United, in turn slashed its fare to match Frontier. When Frontier exited the route, United raised its fare above its original level. [5] Collusion Collusion is a difficult game to play when the number of conspiring rivals is large. It is hard to keep a hundred firms in line when their cost structures differ, when their production facilities vary, and when some have an incentive to cheat on a price agreement or to violate output restrictions. Numbers make a difference. When numbers are large, conspiracies are difficult to organize, difficult to conceal, and difficult to enforce. However, public policy faces a serious challenge in oligopolistic industries like the case of the Airline industry where major carriers eschew outright collusion and rely instead on a course of conduct characterised as tacit collusion, or recognition of mutual interdependence to resemble the effects of outright conspiracy. The mechanics of tacit collusion is apparent particularly in an oligopoly market dominated by a few major players. Each carrier naturally recognises the mutual interdependence between it and its rivals. For example, Carrier X knows that it if were to cut price in order to increase its market share, its aggression would immediately be detected by carriers Y and Z, which would respond with retaliatory price cuts of their own. Market shares would be unaffected, but all carriers would now operate at lower prices and profits. Henceforth, Carrier X cannot expect to increase its market share or revenue at the expense of its rivals. It cannot afford to calculate in terms o f maximising its own profits in isolation but instead must constantly ask whether a particular decision on price or output will be not only in its own self-interest, but also in the best interests of its rivals. By recognising mutual oligopolistic interdependence, it must be concerned with group profits and group welfare. In other word, under oligopoly landscape, independent, aggressive, genuinely competitive behaviour is perceived as counterproductive-an irrational strategy for the individual carrier. In an oligopoly, groupthink will influence a carriers strategy when it is contemplating price increases as it cannot act alone. Hence, groupthink replaces the calculus of individual advantage, and each carrier must behave as a responsible member of the oligopoly group rather than as a reckless, self-seeking competitor. In oligopolies, this recognition of mutual interdependence may extend to non-price competition. For instance, if carrier X refrains from aggressive price competition but seeks to increase its market share through aggressive innovation program, it cannot expect its rivals to sit idly by. It must expect them to increase their research efforts as a simple matter of self-defence, th ereby nullifying its expected gains. Anticipating such retaliation which could erode oligopoly profits- carrier X might refrain from innovation for the same reasons it would avoid price-cutting. Rationality again commands responsible nonaggressive behaviours; the most effective profit-maximisation rule under oligopoly is to get ahead by getting along. Nevertheless, the level of oligopolistic interdependence and collusion varies from situation to situation.[8] It depends on such factors as whether the oligopoly is tightly knit (small number of firms) or loosely knit (a larger number);whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous; whether it is symmetrical (having firms of roughly equal size) or asymmetrical (with one firm disproportionately larger); whether or not the industry is mature (having had time to develop its internal arrangements and institutions to promote cooperation); whether the industry is populated by reasonable managers or by a few mavericks. [9] In the US domestic market, the advent of the Internet has increased the efficient of signalling or collusion. Carriers can see what the competition is doing immediately by going to the Internet that allows them to react quickly to adjust their own prices. This is a far cry from the days when price books were set in type and could not be changed for months. Now most prices can be adjusted several times a day, if needed. Apparently, this is a game that the airlines are particularly adept at. As consumers have more transparent access to real-time flight pricing through online services like Orbitz Travel [6], the airlines are almost obligated to adjust to each other. This is particularly apparent on routes where there is no rogue player, like Southwest Airlines or JetBlue as they are (within limits) free to adjust prices upward. As long as the members of the oligopoly with real selling power tacitly agree that a major price war is not in their interest, chances are that prices can quickl y readjust themselves, keeping in mind the balance of costs and optimal prices for maintaining profitable sales levels. Fortunately, the combined market share of the Big Five network airlines (Delta, United, American, US Airways, and Northwest) that peaked in 1992 has been declining since deregulation. [7] Furthermore, with the influx of several low-cost carriers, tacit collusion is becoming difficult to organise, conceal and enforce even though oligopolistic rationality and its collusive consequences are inevitable concomitants of oligopoly industry structure. Pricing Pricing is important for the carriers. If prices are too low or too high, it can drag down profits. Thus, it is important for the carriers to derive profitable airfares and discourages unprofitable one. To maximise profits, the carriers should set prices so that marginal revenue just equals marginal cost. In other words, it should use profit-maximising prices as the starting point based on the economic model of pricing as shown in Diagram 1.0 which is called marginal cost pricing that clearly identifies a pricing strategy that will maximise profits. This pricing strategy also identifies the information needed to set prices, thus simplifying the process. In other words, the profit-maximising price is where the incremental margin percentage equals the reciprocal of the absolute value of the price elasticity demand. [8] Based on pricing rule, the carriers should adjust its price where there are changes in the price elasticity of demand or marginal cost since the carriers compete under oligopoly landscapes with homogeneous services. Airfares have dropped significantly over the years [10] since deregulation which helped to simulate competition resulting in the entrance of several low-cost carriers. This could partially be due to regulator and oligopolies increase efficiencies, putting direct or indirect price pressure on their suppliers as well as putting pressure on the wages and benefits of their employees. Hence, there is growing belief that oligopolies can be price-neutral as opposed to manipulating prices. The strategic variable for airline carrier is pricing in the short run. Generally without product and service differentiation, the basic service offered by the carriers would be rather homogeneous. Under the Bertrand model, the carriers which produce at constant marginal cost and compete aggressively on price in order to gain a bigger share of the market. Under such condition, the market equilibrium is perfectly competitive pricing. However, in a loosely knit oligopoly structure as in the case here, the individual carrier has incentive to offer heterogeneous services. Through heterogeneous services, it can charge personalised pricing or group pricing [9] based on passenger willing-to-pay to achieve higher profits. For example, if carrier X sells its airfares at a uniform price, it loses in two ways. Firstly, some passenger would be willing to pay more than $80 for a ticket during the last hour of the flight. Secondly the carrier does not sell to passengers who are willing to pay more than $50 but less than $60. This is illustrated in Diagram 2 below. By charging passengers at different price, the carrier could profitably sell to a much larger passenger base. Furthermore, with differentiated services, should one carrier cut its price below other carriers price; it would take away only part of the other carriers entire demand. Thus, carriers should have strong incentive to differentiate its offering in order to raise their equilibrium prices. However, there is a risk of loosing the market if the services are not on par with its pricing and demand. The carriers must balance their desire for market share at the same time avoid head-to-head price competition since the less differentiation in their services, the more direct will be in price competition among them and the lower would be incremental margins. IMPACT OF DEREGULATION ON THE US AIRLINE INDUSTRY The 1978 deregulation has path the way that allowed competition to begin to function as the prime regulator of decision making in the airline industry. Competition would allow the airline industry to develop and maintain an air transportation system that rely on actual and potential competition to provide efficiency, innovation, low prices, variety, quality air transportation services at the same time, emphasising safety as the highest priority in air travel.[11] In addition, carriers are free to determine their prices in response to particular competitive market conditions on the basis of such air carriers individual costs.[12] With deregulation, the number of certificated carriers offering passenger service in US has grown rapidly; in real terms after accounting for inflation, airfares averaged 13% lower by 1982; the proportion of air travellers flying on discount fares grew from 48% in 1978 to 80% by 1982. [13] The airline industry expanded at rates significantly greater than before. In fact, its load factors rose to the highest levels in fifteen years while industrys productivity increased with an estimated cumulative savings of some $10 billion. SUBVERSION OF COMPETITION Due to the lack of regulation or antitrust laws to regulate the newly deregulated airline industry, it has allowed large carriers to systematically acquired smaller, regional carriers that were rapidly expanding their routes and competitiveness in the newly deregulated environment. For example, Northwest acquired Republic Airlines, one of its major competitors in the upper Midwest; as a result of the merger, Northwest controlled more than 80 percent of the Minneapolis market and in excess of 50 percent of air travel in and out of Detroit [14]. Texas Air, which earlier had acquired Continental and New York Air, purchased Eastern Airlines and Peoples Express. In all, the Transportation Department approved every airline merger proposed to it once it had been assigned antitrust oversight of the field.[15] This has resulted in large carriers erecting additional barriers.[16]][17][18], obstacles[19][20] and predatory pricing[21][22][23][24] thus crushing what competition might appear. Subj ected to such predation, only thirteen new start-up airlines have emerged in the industry since 1989 and that only eight of these have managed to survive as independent entities. [25] By 1988, the major carriers had reportedly gained control over 48% of the nations fifty largest commuter lines, either through outright ownership or through operating and marketing links. [26] Table 1 show the downward trend of concentration in the immediate aftermath of deregulation was reversed after 1985 and trend upward. At the same time, a powerful system of fortress hub monopolies was erected across the United States as shown in Table 2. Table 1: Airline Concentration, 1978-2001 Combined Share of U.S. Market (%) 1978 1983 1992 2001 Four Largest Carriers 57.7 54.7 69.9 63.1 Eight Largest Carriers 80.4 74.1 95.7 90.3 Source: U.S. Congressional Budget Office, Policies for the Deregulated Airline Industry, Washington, DC, July 1988; Aviation and Aerospace Almanac (Washington, DC: Aviation Week, various years). Table 2: Airline Hub Monopolies, 1980 and 2001 Airport Leading Carrier Market Share (%) 1980 2001 Atlanta 52.5 79.2 Chicago OHare 31.6 45.9 Cincinnati 38.1 92.2 Dallas/Ft. Worth 36.0 61.6 Denver 27.3 65.1 Detroit 20.9 77.1 Memphis 41.6 62.1 Minneapolis 41.7 80.4 Pittsburgh 53.4 75.9 St. Louis 43.3 73.0 Salt Lake City 28.4 61.8 Source: Julius Maldutis, Airline Competition at the 50 Largest U.S. Airports-Update, Salomon Brothers, Inc., May 6, 1993, and Aviation and Aerospace Almanac (Washington, DC: Aviation Week, 2003), pp. 373-80. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the fault is not with deregulation. Instead, the main issues have been the failure of US government to enforce antitrust laws to enable competition to effectively regulate the field. It failed to recognise that deregulation is not synonymous with laissez-faire and that antitrust enforcement is vital if competition is to perform its function in a newly deregulated industry. Effective competition would prevent carriers from charging high and highly discriminating airfares. This is simply because passengers have the option of patronising competing air carriers. Effective competition would prevent carriers from offering deteriorating service at higher fares, which again, because passengers could choose to fly on alternative carriers. An effective competition would surely prevent an industry from being dominated by carriers with the highest costs rather than the lowest. [27] Therefore, a new regulation regime like antitrust law from the Justice Department is necessary to promote and protect competition. [28] With Antitrust law, mergers and alliances by the carriers could have been blocked to prevent any artificial barriers to competition and prosecuting any predatory practices or actions by carriers to ensure competition function effectively. PROSPECTS FOR LOW-COST CARRIERS AND PRICE-CUTTING WARS Low-cost carriers (LCCs) have experienced phenomenal growth in recent years in term of load factors, airlines launched, aircraft order and worldwide distribution. Its growth has come to a momentous point where LCCs is posing exciting challenges and opportunities to the airline industry. According to IATA and ICAD projections, LCCs will outpace their full service rivals in terms of traffic growth and earnings in 2009. With tougher economic conditions and lower fuel prices, LCCs will have a major advantage Ten years ago, LCCs did not have access to as many cities. Now, their reaches are broader thus making it easier for passengers to turn to them as choice selection. Moreover, the amenities cut by larger airlines mean that their offerings are not all that different from their low cost competitors. [29] Cost-conscious mainstream airlines are cutting cost in order to provide the lowest fares. As mainstream airlines slim down, it has given passengers more option to fly both comfortably and affordably. LCCs are able to keep their prices down by flying out of low cost terminals. In other words, it is very much dependent on the airport that can lower its charges [30]. It also relied on the Internet for online booking and providing very basic onboard services. Furthermore, LLCs usually stock their fleets with one type of aircraft to minimise the amount of training for crews. [31] With fluctuating fuel prices, economic downturn and continuing environmental pressures, LCCs need to be able to continue to create value to their target customers in order to gain the market trust. It must continuously evaluate its models carefully in order to identify new revenue streams, attract profitable customers to ensure its long term survival in a highly challenging and competitively industry. The bigger challenge will come from mainstream airlines as they embark on low fares flights. As more and more countries are adopting an open sky policy, this has opened up new routes for LCCs amid tough competition and new entrants. [32] As low cost carriers, it has to constantly keeps it cost down. One of the fundamental issues with LCCs is economies of scale. By exploring new routes, it can enjoy increasing returns to scale; the marginal costs will be lower than the average costs. Since the marginal units of production or service costs less than the average, any increase in production will reduce the average cost. Therefore, the average cost cure slopes downward as shown in diagram 3. This will be more apparent if the aircrafts, maintenance and crews have minimum fixed costs including a fixed quota on the airports charges. Apart from economies of scale, LCCs like JetBlue offers a relatively simple product, with little meal service, at relatively low fares. This helps JetBlue distinguishes itself from other carriers like Southwest by offering reserved seating, leather seats, and LCD TV at every seat. [31] Furthermore, it has offered a more traditional hub-and-spoke route structure and a more traditional mix of long and short-haul flights. Coupled with its friendly service and hassle-free technology (ticketless travel), no discount seats, all fares would be one-way with a Saturday night stay over never required. It strive to be truly customer-friendly with computer terminals that could be rotated to show the customer what the agent was looking at, giving a $159 voucher whenever a flight was delayed for more than 4 hours for reasons other than weather or air traffic, and giving a $25 voucher for misplaced bags. Its attempts to bring humanity back to air travel. JetBlues target market was people who are no t going to travel, people who are disgusted with their current choices, people who would drive, or people who would not go at all. Another differentiation was that JetBlue used new airplanes as opposed to other LCCs that used second-hand planes. In another words, it provided passenger another layer of comfort and safety factors. IMPACT OF GLOBAL RECESSION ON THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY Global recession and rising oil prices have major impact on the airline industry. Industry passenger revenues have declined nearly 15% which is equivalent to $80 billion. The impact was far greater than September 11 disaster. According to International Air Transport Association (IATA), the forecasted revenue loss has gone up by 50% from $4.7 to $9 billion. [33] Generally, first class and business class fliers have switched to economy class. Many businesses have freeze travelling and instead used video conferencing for meetings etc On top of this, cost pressures from rising jet fuel prices in 2008 forced up the industrys fuel bills to $165 billion and precipitated losses  of about $10.4 billion. Coupled with softer travel demand due to the spread of the H1N1 virus, have created a difficult business environment. [34] These forces that are affecting the industry are creating significant headwinds for the industry. SUGGESTED MEASURES Several carriers have taken the following measures: Reduce capacity on domestic and international routes. Aircrafts were grounded as a result including crews taking no-pay leave or shorter working week. Suspending non-stop services to certain routes. For example, Delta airline suspended its flight between Atlanta to Seoul and Shanghai. Reduce weekly frequencies of flights to certain destination while extending more flights to profitable routes Move quickly to rebrand and consolidate facilities, repaint aircraft and ramp-up our frontline training activities. accelerate integration like mergers and acquisitions MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS In time of tough operating environment, merger makes more sense than ever particularly for air carriers. This would provide competitive advantage and strengthens its financial foundation. It also will maintain tight controls on its costs and capital spending. [8] Mergers acquisitions (MAs) is the easiest way to add to gross income is through mergers. By buying an established business with developed services and markets is a lot easier than focusing on internal innovation or better business processes. Many companies add 30 percent, 50 percent, even 100 percent to the gross income line simply by making a strategic purchase. Furthermore, there is synergies like greater economic efficiency, economies of scale, critical mass or greater customer base. At the same time, with lesser competition, it helped to stabilise airfares. CONCLUSION The airline industry operates in an oligopoly structure. By recognising mutual oligopolistic interdependence, it must be concerned and be aware of the group profits and group welfare. Under oligopoly landscape, independent, aggressive, genuinely competitive behaviour is perceived as counterproductive-an irrational strategy for the individual carrier. With declining market share by the Big Five network airlines and influx of several low-cost carriers, tacit collusion is becoming more difficult to organise, conceal and enforce. Through innovative and differentiated services, airline carrier could increase its equilibrium prices and avoid head-to-head price competition. New regulatory regimes like Antitrust laws is necessary to promote and protect competition. With Antitrust law, mergers and alliances by large carriers could have been blocked to prevent any artificial barriers to competition and prosecuting any predatory practices or actions to ensure competition function effectively. The prospect of LCCS can be sustained if can offer differentiated services like JetBlue which differentiated itself from the suite of no-frill services to its passenger that is niche and unique. LCCS should focus on cost efficiency and economies of scale by exploring new routes so that marginal costs will be lower than the average costs. The global recession has severely reduced the revenue of the airline industry. Several measures have been taken and adopted by many carriers in order to pull through the bad times. However, to ensure long term survival and competitive edge, carriers need to consolidate through merger and acquisition in order to enjoy greater synergies like greater scale, economic efficiency, economies of scale, critical mass or greater customer base and keeping airfares stable.

An Analysis of Homais as an instrument of satire in Flauberts, Madame B

An analysis of Homais as an instrument of satire In Flaubert’s satiric novel, the story’s apothecary is used to convey Flaubert’s views of the bourgeois. As a vehicle for Flaubert’s satire, Homais is portrayed as opportunistic and self-serving, attributes that Flaubert associated with the middle class. Homais’ obsession with social mobility leads him to commit despicable acts. His character and values are also detestable. He is self-serving, hypocritical, opportunistic, egotistical, and crooked. All these negative characteristics are used by Flaubert to represent and satirize specific aspects of middle class society. More specific issues that are addressed include Homais’ superficial knowledge, religious hypocrisy, and pretentiousness. Furthermore, his status as a secondary character suggests his significance to the satire. If Emma is meant to portray the feminine aspect of the bourgeois then Homais is undoubtedly meant to represent the masculine aspect. Flaubert wanted to ridicule and crit icize the bourgeois class. By including Homais, Flaubert is able to satirize all the negative aspects of middle class society within a single novel. In adolescence and throughout much of his life, Gustave Flaubert regarded the bourgeois existence as an â€Å"immense, indistinct, unmitigated state of mindlessness† (Wall 29-31). He vented his contempt for the bourgeois in many of his works. In his Dictionary of Received Ideas he proclaims:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Each bourgeois phrase, each bourgeois feeling, each bourgeois opinion is touched by the hilarious dismaying suspicion of fakery. Solemnly and energetically proclaiming their clichà ©s to each other, perhaps the bourgeois are indeed simply machines. They are stuck, like busy automata, in their perpetual false consciousness† (Wall 29-31). In Madam Bovary, Gustave Flaubert uses Homais as one of the central figures of his satire. Homais, Yonville’s apothecary and the Bovarys’ neighbor, is used as a vehicle to ridicule the values and principles of the French middle class. True to this, Homais is depicted as an overly ambitious, self-important fool. For example, Flaubert creatively stages arguments between Homais and the village priest in order to mock the bourgeois’s lack of spirituality. One encounter of note occurs on Emma’s deathbed soon after she has passed away. The Priest declares that there is nothing left but t... ...ften those who are selfish and opportunistic that are rewarded rather than the humble and honest. Homais is essentially a compilation of all the negative aspects of the bourgeois class that Flaubert detested so much; he is a crafty hypocrite, a medical charlatan, a self-important know-it-all, and a quack. â€Å"He serves to expose the ideological decay of an erstwhile revolutionary class† (Wall 28). Certainly, Flaubert’s attack on 19th-century French middle class society is both complete and thorough, but at the same time subtle and smooth. Primary Sources Flaubert, Gustave. Intimate Notebook 1840 – 1841. Trans. Francis Steegmuller. New York: Doubleday & Company, 167. Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary. Trans. Geoffrey Wall. London: Penguin, 1992. Secondary Sources Thody, Philip. Reference Guide to World Literature. 2nd ed. New York: St. James Press,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1995. Wall, Geoffrey. Introduction. Madame Bovary. By Flaubert, Gustave. London: Penguin, 1992. Bibliography Brombert, Victor. The Novels of Flaubert: A study of themes and techniques. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966. Kenner, Hugh. The Stoic Comedians. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962

Monday, August 19, 2019

Care Ethicist and Virtue Theorist Essay -- essays research papers

Care Ethicist and Virtue Theorist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my film analysis I will be discussing some of the fourteen principles of a satisfactory moral system and a good ethical decision. I will also discuss how some of the characters use the theory of care ethicist (care ethicist is to treat others as a human being fairly or equally) and virtue theorist (virtue theorist is doing the hard thing). My movie analysis is on John Q.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Q. Archibald (care ethicists) is an ordinary man who works at a factory and takes care of his family. His wife Denise and young son Michael are his world. But when Michael falls seriously ill and needs an emergency heart transplant operation that cost $250,000. John can’t afford the money, but vows to take the initiative to do anything in coming up with money by selling all his personal belonging. John and Denise (wife) then goes to numerous health clinics to receive aid, but were denied because John was over qualified. As result of John not receiving any medical insurance John goes to his boss and ask for the complete insurance coverage, but was also denied because John’s boss cut John’s hours to part-time. John was devastated; he was devastated because his boss cut his hours and didn’t even let him know. As a result of John not coming up with the complete amount of the transplant the doctors will not perform the surgery. John can ’t believe that his son ( Michael who John has a proper relation to the cosmos and the greater scheme of the web of life by John already living his life and wanting his son to fulfill his life. John doesn’t care about anything else other than his son fulfilling his life.) is about to die and the doctors are not taking in consideration that John has some of the money, but not all and they still can’t perform the transplant. John says, â€Å"All his life, he has tried to do the right thing.† John feels the doctors don’t treat the people as they deserve. He feels they can do a better job in letting the community know about the different health plans, they can let the public know that HMO (medical coverage) is suited to pay there doctors not to test, because it would bring the cost down. As a result of there doctors not testing; the HMO give the doctors a big bonus at the end of the year. All John would have liked was for his boss and the people at the hospital to explain the different medical care services they ha... ...y could not be performing because of money. He was overcome with the situation again when John proposed to give half of the money so the surgery could perform. Dr. Truner was again had to break the bad news when John was willing to commit suicide and Dr. Truner still refuses to do the surgey. He was dealt with the hardest decision to make, because here is had a father who is willing to kill himself because of hospital policies and money that he can’t help this family. Dr. Truner actions could have been handling differently. His approach to the Archibald family could have been more sympathetic. Dr. Truner could have put up a fight with hospital administrators and the board of trustees to see what other options they could have proposed to the family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This movie enlightened me because in learning the different ethicists. I was able to see how a care ethicist and virtue theorist acts. It was a very emotional movie. This showed me the different medical plans they have available. What do their plans offer to me; if I am ever put in situation like John Q.? I have to know what medical plan I have to have; God forbid anything every happened to me or my family we can be covered.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Free Julius Caesar Essays: The Tragic Hero :: Julius Caesar Essays

Tragic Hero in Julius Caesar A tragic hero is the character whose actions deeply affect the other characters and who creates a series of events that eventually lead to the character’s downfall and the downfall of his loved ones. Such a hero possesses a flaw in character that influences his actions and thinking and especially his judgments. In logically determining who the hero in Julius Caesar is, one simply must find the one character who fits the above guidelines. Marcus Brutus is the only one, and, thus, he is the tragic hero. One of the first occasions presented was the plotting of Caesar’s assassination. Cassius, Casca, Trebonius, Ligarius and the other conspirators all wanted to rid Rome of Caesar. However, not one of them could give the green light.† They needed one who held a high place in the hearts of the people, to support them and to justify their actions. They needed an â€Å"honorable† man. Without this man, the conspirators would not be called conspirators for they would not have had sufficient strength to see it through. In that, there would not have been a conspiracy. Marcus Brutus agreed to be their source of strength. This final decision to join Cassius and company marked the end of Julius Caesar. After the murderous confrontation, it was not too late to prevent the anger of Caesar’s allies and the citizens or, even, to avoid future civil war. But it was here that Brutus made his second and third mistakes. Marcus Brutus rose before the Roman populace and attempted to offer a justification of Caesar’s murder. His flawed judgment came when he deemed Antony trustworthy and allowed him to speak at Caesar’s funeral. Brutus naively let Antony draw the mob in his favor. No one could dare refute Antony’s impassioned pleas in behalf of Caesar. Brutus’ tragic flaw was his perception that all men were identical to him in their motives. This factored allowed his decisions to be easily influenced by others whose motives were devious. Cassius was able to convince Brutus to join the conspiracy because Brutus thought the only reason behind the conspiracy was to prevent one man from becoming â€Å"Rex.† He allowed Antony’s speech to occur because he was sure that Antony was motivated by the same â€Å"honor† which motivated himself. Finally, though the debate may continue on those issues mentioned, there is no other character whose decisions and actions created a series of events so catastrophic.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Albert Bierstadt – Romanticism

During the 19th century Romanticism era, Albert Brassiest was one of the most influential painters brought into this time. Brassiest best known for his paintings that took place in the later sass that predominantly consisted of the landscapes of the American West. Although Brassiest was not the first painter to record these sites, he was the one painter who had people look forward to his own version of these paintings. In the sass, Brassiest went west for the first time and it would change his life as well as the lives of others that got the chance to experience his paintings and ketches.One artwork of his in particular was titled â€Å"The Oregon Trail† (1869). This painting was taken place during The Oregon Trail as Brassiest sketched and painted the emigrants, animals, and wagons being lugged across hundreds of miles Just so these people can try and find land to live and settle on. Comparing Birthrate's ideas and forms of art to the Romanticism Era can basically go hand in hand. Romanticism is a style of art and literature in the late 18th, early 19th century that emphasized the passion and imaginations of people, animals, scenery, etc.This all compares to Birthrate's work, especially The Oregon Trail because Brassiest really seizes the emotion of these people has they walked hundreds of miles in the blazing heat Just to support their families and make something out of them selves. Brassiest was notorious for making viewers feel the same way he did as he was capturing these moments in plain site. Brassiest was very successful in doing Just that. Being a part of the Romantic Cultural Movement is something to be excited about.Being an important part of the Romanticism Era is something to be proud of. Albert Brassiest was an important part in this Era as well as the Cultural Movement. As many critics did not like how Brassiest put his thoughts on the canvas, Brassiest did not really care. Making dozens of paintings not changing a single thing about his t echnique and the way he did his paintings and the methods that he used. In an article about Brassiest and other 19th century painters, critics only had negative judgments about Birthrate's paintings, one being, â€Å"†¦ Hen some critics said they dislike the way that Brassiest put on paint, they appear to have been criticizing his manner of representation?they were saying he was not good enough at putting mint on canvas to make a successful illusion of the object represented† (Mayer and Myers, 62). With Brassiest getting tortured by words for most of his career, he had the drive to be one of the best painters during the Romanticism Era and he lucratively did Just that. Birthrate's methods were methods that no other painter really had any skill with before.Albert painted in extremely thin layers, and in some places Albert increased the transparency of the paint so it may allow some of the under layers in the painting to be shown more visibly then they were before. This is what made it radar for critics to understand what he was trying to do with all of his paintings. Brassiest tries to capture every moment, every tear in his painting, every reaction is caught and put down on a canvas and some people did not appreciate that.Brassiest is an important part to this Cultural Movement because he showed individuals that anything is possible when putting it on a canvas. He captured Romanticism at its finest and really captured the moments as he did in The Oregon Trail (1869). The Oregon Trail is a piece of work that relates directly toward Romanticism. Why does it? Because the emotion that Brassiest put into this painting is the amount of passion you need for any line of work. Brassiest when finished made viewers appreciate what it meaner to be those type of people and what those people have to go through day in and day out.These spectators could understand all of that by looking at a painting on a canvas. The meaning of Romanticism as said earlier is the e mphasis of emotions and imagination has in literature and art. Brassiest explained this perfectly by the way the animals and people are walking, to the sky and the sunlight that is beating down on them. The different colors mixed in the painting to give it this look of standing there as one and Brassiest is presenting in this painting that these emigrants are all staying as one group no matter what.As Brassiest headed out west and took in these historical moments, he had many things to say about his time but one thing to say about The Oregon Trail, â€Å"Every wagon was a gem of an interior such as no Fleming ever put on canvas, and every group a genre piece for Bought. The whole picture of the train was such a delight in form, color, and spirit, that I could have lingered near it all the way to Kerrey' (Hendricks, 342). This explains Birthrate's love for people and scenery. A perfect example of Idealization, the emotion and the imagination as Birthrate's covers this historic momen t.The Oregon Trail (1869) – Albert Brassiest Albert Brassiest was a man with a gift. As anyone can see above he clearly changed the way people paint and the way people think about a painting. Albert aspired the viewers to notice the detail he puts into his paintings because in every one he gives the observer a message that we could take with us the rest of our lives (I. E. Never give up and always strive for greatness, etc. ). When you analyze Birthrate's paintings folks and different scholars look at the attention to detail he gives by enhancing layer upon layer to his paintings and how Brassiest paints with such passion.In the above painting The Oregon Trail (1869) you can see the feeling from the people, animals, and even the sunlight and trees. Brassiest wants us to view and understand what these people had to go through Just from looking at a painting. The way Brassiest caught every moment is pure art. During the Romanticism time nobody would be able to paint and really seize a flash of time quite like Brassiest could. He was the painter of the Romanticism era; everything he has done has shown true emotion.Toward the end of his career, critics were skeptical on when Brassiest was going to arise to the top once again, but he never did. Still to this day people are writing different blurbs in magazines and such about Brassiest, â€Å"The most fatal flaw of the catalogue, (and of the exhibition that it represents) is that it makes Brassiest look like a mediocre artist, which I for one do not believe he is† (Stubbiness, Jar. , 91). The piece of art can represent the Romantic Cultural Movement in many ways, one being, hat this painting shows more emotion that any painting I have seen before.The depth and description that Brassiest goes through to complete this artwork is beyond anything audiences have seen before. The passion that these travelers are feeling on their horses and in their wagons, he shows us all. Brassiest displays through one pain ting what it was like to be one of those travelers during that time period. The Oregon Trail (1869) as well as any other pieces of artwork of his should be represented in the Romantic Cultural Movement. Brassiest was always careful of the work he had done, a quote from an article written by Dare Myers Heartfelt, â€Å".Brassiest was both concerned and knowledgeable about the preservation of paintings, and in fact, the canvases, even extremely large ones, that he mounted on panel-back stretchers often still do not require lining after more than 100 years, testifying at least to the efficacy of panel-back stretchers† (39). Brassiest was a man that cared for each and everything that he has done. He is the meaning of the Romantic Era especially with the work he has done. Brassiest was a artist during the Romanticism Era that everyone looked up at. He was a huge role model as well as a great painter.The landscape paintings that he has done abundant times in his career have simply been indescribable. The way Brassiest captures a certain flash of time is unbearable to say the least. Brassiest did not get many great reviews in his time due to the fact that his method and the way he did his landscape paintings did not relate to other painters during the Romanticism Era. Brassiest did not Just paint though, he in fact made painting into a lifestyle that we can all take interest in. He changed the Romantic Cultural Movement simply because of the emotion he brought to viewers eyes every time he would finish piece of work.